Lao Zhou Abstract: World War II is the pinnacle of the development of armored forces, especially the brilliant record of the "flash war" of the German armored division as the strikerEssenceCompared with the German and Soviet armored forces, the US armored division is not well known. Few people know that the equipment and combat effectiveness of the US armored division are not inferior to the German armored division. It can even be saidSciences most balanced armored division.
World War II is the pinnacle of the development of armored forces, especially the German armored division as the strikerThe brilliant record of "Flash War" is even more amazing.Compared with the German and Soviet armored forces, the US armored division is not well known. Few people know that the equipment and combat effectiveness of the US armored division are not inferior to the German armored division. It can even be saidSciences most balanced armored division. The beginning of the U.S. armored forces can be traced back to October 1917 of the First World War. The U.S. Expeditionary Army Command set up a tank headquarters and decided to prepare the U.S. tank training schools in the Luming region of France.In April 1918, the U.S. forces will be trained in the tank school to equip France light tanks to form the US military to temporarily compile the first light tank camp. This is the first armored force of the U.S. military. After the First World War, the United States has long implemented isolationism and peaceism, so the military has been disintegrated, and the development of armored forces has stagnated for a long time.Until July 10, 1940 -this time node, World War II has erupted, and the dazzling performance of the German armored forces on the battlefield, which made the U.S. military began to recognize the value and role of the armored forces -Establish armored soldiers.At the same time, all the US armored forces are integrated to form the first army of the US armored armored, and the first armored division and the second armored division are jurisdiction.
On December 8, 1941, the Pearl Harbor Incident, the United States officially participated in the war.The U.S. Army immediately announced the large-scale expansion of the armored troops, planned to form 46 armored divisions, and finally established a total of 16 armored divisions during the Second World War, the number is the 1st-14th Armored Division, the 16th Armored Armored, the 16th Armored Armored.Division and the 20th Armored Division. The initial establishment of the armored division has no regiment -level compilation, directly undergoing 6 tank battalions and 3 armored infantry battalions.In the Battle of the Catherine Mountains in North Africa, the United States Army Command blamed the cause of the tragedy as the preparation of the armored forces.The preparation of the armored division has been greatly adjusted. According to the principle of tank, step, and artillery ratio of 1: 1: 1, there are three tank battalions, 3 armored infantry battalions and 3 armored artillery battalions.It is the 1943 armored division, which is also the most important establishment model of the US armored division during World War II. This preparation is very flexible, and one (or 2) tank battalions, 1 (or 2) armored infantry battalions and 1 armored artillery battalion can also be composed of one (or 2).In the war, the U.S. military often puts in battle with such regiment -level combat groups, not the entire armored division. In 1943, the armored division was also known as the light -loaded armor division. Among the 16 US armored divisions in the US military, there were 14 light -fitting masters. Only the second and third armored divisions were enhanced version of the armored division.Nine tank battalions, 3 armored infantry battalions and 3 armored artillery battalions are also called re -installed armor divisions.
Then lets introduce the preparation of the US military in 1943: Each timeIn addition to the main combat units of the 1943 armored division under the jurisdiction of 3 tank battalions, 3 armored infantry battalions, and 3 armored artillery battalions, there is also a mechanized cavalry reconnaissance camp (also known as the mechanized cavalry reconnaissance squadron). In addition,The directly -affiliated troops also include armored maintenance camps, armored workers, armored ambulances, and communication companies; and during the war state, they can be temporarily incorporated into other camps according to the needs of combat tasks. Each tank camp is under the jurisdiction of the camp and the direct company, three medium -sized tanks and a light tank company.The camp is equipped with 4 jeep and 2 M5 semi -track armored vehicles; the camp is directly under the joint jurisdiction, reconnaissance, mortar arrangements and assault rows, equipped with 11 jeep vehicles, 8 M5 semi -track armored vehicles, 3 M21 by themselves by themselves.Mortar cannon, 3 M4 (105mm cannon) "Serman" medium -sized tank. Each medium -sized tank is connected to the company and three medium -sized tanks, including 3 M4 "Serman" medium -sized tanks and 1 jeep. Each tank is equipped with 5 M4 "thanksErmans "medium tank, a total of 18 M4" Serman "medium -sized tanks. Each light tank is connected to the company and 3 light tanks, and the company is equipped with 2 M5A1 "Stuart" light tanks and 1 jeep. Each tank is equipped with 5 M5A1 light tanks.After 1944, the M5 "Stuart" light tank was all replaced by the M24 "Xia Fei" light tank.A total of 18 M5 "Stuart" light tanks. A tank camp is equipped with a total of 59 M4 "Sherman" medium -sized tanks and 18 M5 "Stuart" light tanks.
Each armored infantry camp is directly under the jurisdiction of the camp, 3 re-gun company, 1 logistics securityeven.The camp is equipped with 2 motorcycles, 3 jeeps and one M5 semi-track armored vehicle. The camp is directly under the jurisdiction, reconnaissance arrangement, mortars and assault rows, equipped with 1 WC-51 medium jeep, 3 trucks, 3 trucks, 8 M5 semi -track armored vehicles, 3 M21 mortars, 3 M7 "priests" 105mm self -propelled howitzer and 1 37mm anti -tank gun. Each one comes to re -gun jointly the company and 3 to re -rifle and one anti -tank row, of which the company is equipped with 1 jeep, 1 M5 semi -track armored vehicle, each of which comes with 4 M5 semi -track armored vehicles for each reunion., 1 M21 mortar, anti -tank row equipment 1 jeep, 3 M5 semi -track armored vehicles, and 3 57 mm anti -tank guns.The whole company is equipped with a total of 3 jeep, 17 M5 semi -track armored vehicles, 3 M21 mortars, and 3 57 mm anti -tank guns. A armored infantry battalion is equipped with a total of 16 jeep, 59 M5 semi -track armored vehicles, 12 M21 mortars, 3 M7 "priests" 105 mm self -propelled grenades, 1 37mm anti -tank gun, 9 doors57 mm anti -tank guns. Each armored artillery camp is directly under the jurisdiction of the camp and 3 armored artillery company, each armored artillery company is equipped with 18 M7 "priests" 105 mm self -propelled howitzer, the entire camp has a total of 54The M7 "Rev." 105 mm self -propelled howitzer. There is also a mechanized cavalry reconnaissance camp directly under the jurisdiction of the camp, three mechanized reconnaissance cavalry companies and 1 light tank company, equipped with 12 M8 "Scott" armored vehicles, 45 M3 half -strip armor armored armored armorWinglers and 20 M5 "Stuart" light tanks. 11,000 soldiers were compiled, mainly equipped with 177 M4 "Serman" medium tanks, 74 M5 "Stuart" light tanks, 12 M8 "Scott" armored vehicles, 222 M5 M5Half track armored vehicle, 36 M21 mortars, 63 M7 "priests" 105mm self -propelled howitzer, 37mm anti -tank guns, 27 -door 57mm anti -tank guns.Both armored combat capabilities, maneuverability and firepower are very powerful and balanced.
As for the other two heavy armored divisions, add 6 more tanks on the basis of light-loading.The camp, that is, add 354 M4 "Serman" medium -sized tanks and 108 M5 "Stuart" light tank -the number of tanks of this armored master is simply horrible! It can be seen that the number of heavy equipment of the US armored division is still considerable, and the overall combat effectiveness is also very powerful, which is not inferior to the well -known German armored divisions.Someone will definitely ask, what will happen to the US armored division and the German armored division? In fact, the situation where the two sides dispatched a armored division on the battlefield were almost non -existent.Powerful air support, so this one -to -one PK can only stay on the face. In the end, what is the difference between the armored division and the tank division?Generally speaking, Western countries use more armored divisions, and socialist countries represented by the Soviet Union use more tank divisions.From a military perspective, the proportion of tank troops is called tank division, and the proportion of mechanized infantry troops is mainly called Armor Division -specifically, the tanks of 2 tank regiments and 1 mechanized infantry regiment areDivision, if you have 2 mechanized steps and a tank group, it is the armored division.However, the US armored division is the same as the proportion of tanks and mechanized infantry, which is a special case. The situation of various countries is different. Simply summarize. The armored forces based on tanks are called tank divisions. The mechanical infantry -based armored forces are called armored divisions.The situation of the tank group and armored regiment is basically according to this standard. At the first level of the camp, it is basically based on single soldiers, so there is no armored camp (the re -installation of the German army in World War II is another argument), that is, the tank is the tank.Camp, mechanized infantry battalion or motorized infantry battalion. (pictures of this article are from the Internet)
