At the site of the Hangzhou Xiaoshan Cross-Lake Bridge Site, 6.5 meters deep underwater, a canoe is "moored" quietly.It is about 5.6 meters long, the widest point is about 52 cm, and the thickness is about 2.5 cm. It has a history of about 8000 years. It is the oldest canoe found in the world. It is also known as the "Chinese first boat".
The cross -lake bridge site represented by this canoe was conducted three archeological excavations in 1990, 2001 and 2002.Discover".On December 17, 2004, due to the unique cultural appearance and rich value connotation of the site, the "cross -lake bridge culture" was officially named and became an important chapter in Hangzhou, Zhejiang and even the history of Chinese culture.This year is the 20th anniversary of the "Cross -Lake Bridge Culture". The eighty -thousand -year historical response is still stunning. Here is also writing new stories and future.
"China First Boat" witness the cross -lake bridge culture
May 1990, Zhejiang Broadcasting and TelevisionZheng Miao, a student of Xiaoshan Branch, occasionally picked up some stone tools and bones by the Hunan Lake, suspected of cultural relics, and immediately reported the local cultural relics department.The staff who heard the news surveyed on the spot, and it was found that black pottery, beast bone, antlers, wooden remnants and other items were discovered.This place is located on the soil layer of the brick and tile factory on the surface of the dry lake. So, will the bottom of the lake be hidden an important secret of ancient times?As a result, they urgently reported to the provincial cultural relics management department and asked for archeological excavations.
In the same year, archeologists made the first excavation here, and a long-awaited Neolithic site gradually emerged from the depths of history.EssenceBecause the site is located in the Cross -Lake Bridge Natural Village, which is named after the Cross -Lake Bridge of Guxiang Lake, archeologists named the site the "Cross -Lake Bridge Site".What surprised experts was that after the data measurement of carbon-14th in the 194th, the span of the unearthed specimen was determined to be 8000-7000 years away from today.In other words, if the test results are correct, the site will become the earliest prehistoric cultural site in Zhejiang, which is more than a thousand years earlier than the previous Hamdu site.
This conclusion has caused a lot of controversy in the industry. The subsequent research work failed to further deepen. The cross -lake bridge site was silent for ten years.Until 2001, archeologists conducted a second excavation of cross -lake bridge sites.The area excavated this time was not large, only about 350 square meters, but a large number of pottery, stone, bone, and wood was unearthed, of which nearly 150 pottery restorations were.Early cultural sites found in nearby regions such as Hemodu and Luojiajiao, the unearthed utensils and their combinations, have provided a strong evidence for the existence of the special culture of the cross -lake and bridge site.The following year, in the third excavation, the earliest canoeing of the age has been unearthed among the age.History of transportation has important value.
However, a site must determine the "culture" in the sense of archeological sense.The cross -lake bridge site looks relatively isolated, and there is no "building group".
In order to find sites that are the same types of cross -lake bridges, archeologists carried out extensive archeological investigations in the Xianghu area, and finally found clues in Xiasun Village.The results of archeological excavations show that the Xiasun site and the cross -lake bridge site have many common points in terms of cultural connotation. It proves that there is a novel and unique prehistoric archaeological "cultural culture in the Hunan Lake area between seven or eight thousand years?"
On December 17, 2004, the Zhejiang Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau and the Xiaoshan District Peoples Government jointly organized the "Cross-Lake Bridge Archaeological Academic Seminar Research PressThe "Cross -Lake Bridge" report was launched "," Cross -Lake Bridge Culture "was officially named.This marks the major breakthrough of archeology in the early Neolithic Times in Zhejiang, and provides rich archeological materials for scientific understanding of the early historical and culture of Zhejiang in Zhejiang.The diversified pattern of regional culture has set new coordinates for the early Neolithic culture research of the Yangtze River Basin.
In the past two decades, the cross -lake bridge site museum is used as an academic platform for cross -lake bridge culture protection, display and research.The event is increasingly rich and the results of academic research are outstanding.At the same time, the archeological excavations and research of cross -lake bridge culture have continued to advance, and its distribution range has far exceeded the "area around Hunan Lake" set at the beginning of the name to expand to Hangzhou, Jinhua, Luzhou, Shaoxing, Taizhou, Ningbo and other areas., Covering geographical areas such as the upstream basin of the river and the coastal plain of the estuary.In addition to the Xiaoshan Cross -Lake Bridge and Xiasun Site, a total of 15 sites including the upper mountains of Pujiang, Xiaohuangshan, and Yiwu Bridge have been found to date. New research results have been achieved in regional characteristics and cultural stages.It has enriched the connotation of cross -lake bridge culture, and provides valuable analysis materials for the sources of cross -lake bridge culture.
"Mo Chao Er" Endless
"Cross -lake bridge culture is a kind ofAbout 8300-7200, based on the Qiantang River-Hangzhou Bay as the center distribution area, relying on the mountains above the mountains as the archeological culture to the estate, facing the ocean archeological culture;Emphasized.From the valley basin to entering the Jiangtan Bay, this is a risk of adventure, and the risks of the ancestors have increased.Floods, tide, and sea invasion, each may deprive life and destroy their homes.However, the ancestors of cross -lake bridges came out, and they got fertile land, rich products and vast space here.
As a sign of cross -lake bridge culture, although the canoe is small, it carries the grand vision of the ancestors drifting through the sea.After identification, the canoe uses the entire pads of pine, which is made by the hull with the help of fire scorching.It is worth noting that the canoe is not alone. There are wooden stakes and pile holes around the surrounding area. There is a horizontal wood on the bottom of the head of the bow., Multi -seat -shaped woven fabrics, as well as relics and relics such as the sharp slices such as the sharp slices of the stone, the stone, and the stone 锛, and the canoe itself also has traces of processing and repair.According to experts, it was likely that it was a wooden processing site or repairing field at the time, and the canoe may be converted into a "edge boat".
In the cross-lake bridge site, arrows and primitive bow were also found.Laboratory analysis shows that the lacquer bow of the cross -lake and bridge site is the longest bow that has been discovered in the world so far. It has advanced the history of Chinese paint to 8000 years ago and proves that China is the earliest country in the world to use natural paint.There are many "earliest" records like this.For example, Chinas earliest slow -wheeled repair pottery technology, Chinas earliest number hexagram symbol, Chinas earliest "herbal can", the earliest horizontal weaving machine in China, the earliest steam cooking appliance in China -Tao Yan ...One invention was dizzy.
The wonderful life of the people crossing the lake bridge was positive, and the material and spirit were positive, which is extremely wonderful.In the face of Wang Yang Dajiang, they dared to drive a single -leaf canoeing to run around, holding homemade arrow cluster fishing and hunting for life; they planted rice seeds 8,000 years ago, dug out the ground cellars to store rubber, and collect rich recipes everywhere;They live in wooden buildings, they will create pottery, wood, domesticated wild boars, master the technique of bow diamonds, and use plant glue to stick to pottery; in the spiritual world, they worship the fire and draw the sun on the color pottery.What looks like ... This earlier "tide" has also become one of the source of the spirit of pioneering moisture.
From the mountains to the valley, and from the valley to the ocean, although the ancestors across lakes and bridges have gone far away, they stand up, but they are brave, dare to explore, and work hard.It has been engraved with the bone blood of future generations.On this hot soil of cross -lake bridge culture, Xiaoshans private entrepreneurs started to make a myth of development and take off the economy, and also compiled the impressive past of the sea building.To this day, this brave and endless spiritual power is still passed down from generation to generation and endless.
Author: Liu Haibo Zhou Ziqing
Text: Liu Haibo Zhou Ziqing Picture: The Propaganda Department of the Xiaoshan District Committee for editor: Jiang Ping Editor: JiangPing
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